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Vocabulary Around The House

Home sweet home :)
Okay now I will explain you about definition of house and vocabulary around the house. Let's check this out :)


Definition of house :


as Nouns

• a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families
• the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments

• the members of a religious community living together
• the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema
• an official assembly having legislative powers
• aristocratic family line

• play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults

          (astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

• the management of a gambling house or casino
• a social unit living together
• a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented
• a building in which something is sheltered or located

as Verbs

• contain or cover
• provide housing for

Invitation (written)

hi guys, can you make invitation (written)?
if you can't make it ,then i give you a material about how to make invitation (written) :)

Writing an Invitation Letter
An invitation letter serves the purpose of inviting a guest to a party, an event or a celebration while conveying more information than a traditional invitations card. It serves two purposes; one, to invite the individual to the event and two, to ensure that the person receiving the letter is going to attend.

There are two tenses used within the invitation letter, the present and the future. The present tense conveys information about the event and the future tense ensures the guest is going to attend.

Here's How:
1. Names of party hosts or sponsoring organization.
2. Type of event (birthday party, business networking meeting, etc.).
3. Place.
4. Date.
5. Time.
6. RSVP date and phone number.
7. Any special dress requirements from black-tie to bathing suits.
8. Rain date (if any).
9. Be specific about who is invited, whether address only, with guest, or with spouse and children.

Tips:
1. Always send written invitations for formal events such as business gatherings, formal dinners, and special occasions like showers, weddings or events honoring someone.

2. If guests are not from your local area, include a map to location of event.

3. Send anywhere from 8 - 2 weeks in advance depending on formality of occasion. Weddings require the longest lead-time; casual dinners and brunches require the least.

4. Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

5. Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.

6. Reffusing
->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

EXAMPLE :
Invitation Verbal
Example:
We want to invite you to come to our house
Can you come to my restaurant?
Are you free tonight?

Accepting (menerima)
I like that
That sounds good
Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)
I like that but I can’t
I’m very sorry for not able to come
Sorry, I’m very busy

Preposition Of Time : At,In,On

what is about preposition in english ?
Let's check out guys :)

In preposition of time We use:

•at for a PRECISE TIME
•in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
•on for DAYS and DATES
at in on


PRECISE TIME MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS DAYS and DATES

• at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday
• at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays
• at noon in the summer on 6 March
• at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010
• at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day
• at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day
• at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday
• at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:

•I have a meeting at 9am.
•The shop closes at midnight.
•Jane went home at lunchtime.
•In England, it often snows in December.
•Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
•There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
•Do you work on Mondays?
•Her birthday is on 20 November.
•Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:


Expression Example

• at night The stars shine at night.
• at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend.
• at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.
• at the same time We finished the test at the same time.
• at present He's not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

• in on
• in the morning on Tuesday morning
• in the mornings on Saturday mornings
• in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons
• in the evening(s) on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

•I went to London last June. (not in last June)
•He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
•I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
•We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

visit :

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MODALS

Hi guys ,WHAT ARE MODALS?
Let's check out :)

Modals are helping words that are used to express: (1)possibility,2)ability, (3)degree of certainty, and (4) level of authority

Modals are special verbs which behave very irregularly in English. Englishpage.com has created one of the most in-depth modal tutorials in print or online. Study the modal explanations and complete the associated exercises and take another step toward English fluency.

Kinds of modals such as:

Can, could, may,might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would.

Modals in the past form
are used in the past time.They are could, would, should, and might.

Formula of modals is:
Modals + verb 1 + O/C.

Can be used in every tenses.
a. Could is the past tense of can
The modal auxiliary could is used

To express an ability in the past:
I could always beat you at tennis when we were kids.
To express past or future permission:
Could i bury my cat in your back yard?
To express present possibility:
We could always spend the afternoon just sitting around talking

to express possibility or ability in contingent circumstances.
If he studied harder, he could pass this course.

When could is used in the past, it means was able to.

Example:
I was able to find a parking space.

to express a reapeated action in the past
When would is used in the past, it means “used to”,
for example:

When i was younger, I would run two hours every day.

This means that i used to run two hours every day and now i don`t.
to express more polite (request)

b.Would you (please) feed the dog?

When would is used in the present, it show more polite.
For unreal condition

• Mary would go to the Caribbean, but she doesn`t have enough money.(present)
• Mary would have gone to the Carribbean, but she didn`t have money.(past tense)
• Would, can is used in the past and present.

c. Might is the past tense of may.

Is used to express of granting or seeking permission.
Might, I leave class early?
To express future possibility.
She might be my advisor next semester.
To express past possibility.
Desty came late this morning, she might have missed the bus.
- Might is considerably more tentative than may


d. Should is the past tense of shall.
Most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as ecpectation.

Example:
When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Postdam. (recommendation)
You should focus more on your family and less on work. (advice)
i really should be in the office by 7:00 am. (obligation)
By now, they should already be in Dubai.
(expectation)

Example in dialogue:
Chika : Hy eka....Are you busy?
Eka : No, i`m not busy...What`s happen?
Chika : Oh...Good..I want you help me...
Would you help me, please?
Eka : Yes, why not...?What can I do for
you...?
Chika : Hmm...help me please...to clean my
garden now....
Eka : ??????.......No....I won`t.......Sorry.......

  Example :

Rizky : Oh...I miss grandchild...I want to meet him.

Fanny : Don`t be sad grandma, Andre might visit us on Saturday...

Rizky : Really...? Oh,i`m so happy...

Fanny : Yups, of course...

English Page

Direct and Indirect Speech

look at the picture :)
you know what the differences are pronounced sentence.It's so easy If you have understood what it is direct and indirect speech. Let's check this out guys :)


DIRECT SPEECH
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.


INDIRECT SPEECH
indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech
For example:
Direct speech :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.
Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema.


TENSE CHANGE
• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
• Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are :Tell , other command , ask , warn , remind

Present simple
Past tense

direct : Vita said “ I eat fried rice”

indirect :Vita said that she ate fried rice.


Past simple


Past perfect

direct : Mother said “ I went to market yesterday”

indirect : Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.


Future simple


Past future

direct : Dave said “ I will buy an i-pod next week’

indirect : Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after


Present continuous


Past continuous

direct : Gama said “ I’m playing football”

indirect : Gama said he was playing football


Past continuous


Past perfect continuous

direct : She said “ I was teaching earlier”

indirect : She said she had been teaching earlier


when we want to report what someone said , wedon’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words
such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

example :
my mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock
In time expression and pronouns

Offering

Hi guys,you know offer and you ever do it.So you must know about Offering and let's check out :)

Definition of Offering :

1. The act of making an offer.
2. Something, such as stock, that is offered.
3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation.
4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.


Offering to older people:

• Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
• Should I get you a bottle of water?
• Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Lina?
• Would you care for some salad ?

Offering to friends:

• Want some?
• Have some.
• Chocolate?
• Glass of lemonade?
• Grab some for yourself.
• Would you like to have a pancake?
• Why don’t you have some lemonade?
• What can I get for you?
• What will you have?

Accepting an offer:

• Thank you
• Yes, please
• I’d like it very much
• Thank you, I would
• That would be very nice

Declining an offer:

• No, thanks.
• No, I really won’t. Thank you.
• Not for me, thanks.
• No, thanks. I’m not hungry.

Introductory it

Introductory it

Diposkan oleh Deriven Teweng |

 example :

A : To understand this lesson is easy.
B : It is easy to understand this lesson.

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.

A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduced mainly to make the meaning of B easier to understand.

Example of Introductory “it” :

• To watch musical programs is pleasant.
• It is pleasant to watch musical program.

• To play football must be fun.
• It is fun to play football

Finite Verb

Definition of finite verb :
a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verbs in a sentences. It shows tense (past/present, etc) or number (singular/plural), A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence.


Example of finite verb :

• I cook, she reads, Anto went

• Dina has eaten when Ria come in, By itself, the verb form eaten is called a non-finite verb When the auxiliary has and the non-finite verb eaten are put together, they make up a finite verb form has eaten.

• Tamara was walking. Walking is non-finite and was is to be. When they are put together, they make up finite form was walking

Definition of non-finite verb :
a verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to.


Example of nonfinite verb

Verbs ending in -ing. These are called present participles, they were cooking in Sinta’s house.
This non-finite verb form end in -ed; many also end in en. These are called past participles. I have written my letter ( the past participle written is non-finite and can’t be the main verb).
Talking is the children’s favorite pastime. ( talking is a gerund, verb to be noun)
I can’t afford to go out tonight

The infinitive can have the following forms:

The perfect infinitive
to have + past participle


For example: to have broken, to have seen, to have saved.
This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional sentences, using the conditional perfect.

For example:

• If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake.
• Someone must have broken the window and climbed in.
• I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal when I was in India.
• He pretended to have seen the film.
• If I'd seen the ball I would have caught it.

Noun Phrase

Noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun

Remember that...


There are more nouns in the English Language than any other kind of words.
see the Noun examples

• Persons: girl, boy, instructor, student, Mr. Smith, Peter, president
• Animals: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear, flea
• Places: gym, store, school, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, village, Europe
• Things: computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, bush, tree, cornflakes
• Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge, compassion, worship

The Functions of Nouns in Sentences

1. Subject of the sentence
2. Predicate Noun (also Predicate Nominative or Subjective Complement)
3. Appositive (noun in apposition)
4. Direct object of a verb
5. Indirect object of a verb
6. Object of the preposition
7. Object Complement (Objective Complement)

Gerunds can also be classified as noun

For example:
I like swimming
The word ‘swimming’
is a gerund

HOW DO WE identify noun phrases in the sentences?
GUYS,…

Today we are learning about NOUN PHRASES

WELL, LET’S SEE …

PHRASES
A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.

A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, and other nouns in the possessive case.
Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following ...

Subject

Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.

Object of a verb 

They have found Eugene's goal.


Object of a preposition 

The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring break up.

Subject complement 

Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.

Object complement 

I consider Loki my favourite cat.

News Item

News Item is a factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.


Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:

• Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
• Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
• Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to, and expert on the event.

Significant Grammar Features:

• Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
• Generally using Simple Past Tense
• Use of Material Processes to retell the event
• Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
• Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
• Focus on Circumstances
• Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.

•Example: Town ‘Contaminated’
•Complete Sentence: Town is contaminated.

It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used.

Example:Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004
Complete Sentence:Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.


The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.

Example: World Heading for Energy Crisis
Complete Sentence: The world is heading for an energy crisis.

To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.

Example: Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete Sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa.

Headlines are not always complete sentences.

Example: More earthquakes in Japan.
Complete Sentence: More earthquakes happened in Japan

Asking If Someone Remembers

Asking if someone remembers or not

Formal expressions

• I wonder if you remember ….
• You remember ...., don’t you?
• You haven’t forgotten ...., have you?
• Don’t you remember ....?
• Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond

• Let me think, yes, I remember.
• I remember especially the scenery.
• I’ll never forget that.
• I’ll always remember.
• I can remember it clearly

Informal expressions

• Remember the old house we used to live in?
• Remember that?
• I’m sorry, I don’t remember.

Ways to respond

• Hold on. Yes, got it!
• I know ….
• It’s coming back to me now.

Response if you forget:

• Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
• I’m afraid I forget.
• I really can’t remember.
• I’m afraid I have no memory of him.
• Err, let me think. No, it’s gone.
• Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Simple Future Tense

Simple future is used for describing event or action that will to do (happen) at future.

1.Future tense “will”

•To assert incident/event that future and decide that incident at talking.

Example= A: Can you help me to do this homework?
B: Of course, I will do it for you.

•To offer to do something.

Example= A: I don’t have a pen to write.
B: Don’t worry.I will lend you.

•To assert an agreement to do something.

Example= A: You must come to my party.
B: I promise I will come on party.

•To ask someone to do something.

Example=A:It’s very hot in my room.
B: Certainly.


2.Future tense “shall”

•To assert a deal or gift suggestion
Example= Today, we are free.
Where shall we go?

Note: shall for subject “I, we”

3.Future tense “be going to”

•To assert an incident that will be happened and gone ever break a promise to do it.
Example=A: Did you send my letter for her?
B: Oh, I’m sorry I forgot.I’m going to send it tonight.

•To assert an incident/event that cause there are incident/event that mention that what will be next happened.

Example= A: The sky is very dark.What do you think?
B: I think it’s going to rain.

1.Positive (+):

a.Subject + shall/will + VI
Example:I shall clean the room.
We will go to school.
She will give a present.

Note: “shall” just can use for subject “I and We”

b.Subject + to be + going to + VI

Example:I am going to play tennis.
They are going to swim very fast.
He is going to write a story.
2.Negative (-)

a.Subject + shall/will + not + VI
Example:I shan’t buy ashirt.
He won’t clean the room.

Note:shall not = shan’t Will not = won’t

b.Subject + to be + not + going to + VI
Example: I am not going to give a present.

3.Interrogative (?)

a.Shall/will + subject + VI ?

Example: Will we play tennis?

b.to be + subject + going to + VI ?

Example: Is she going to write a story?

Congratulation,Compliment,and Gratitude

hi guys,you must know about congratulation,compliment and gratitude because they are very important in our life.Let's check out guys :)

Congratulation is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.

Congratulating:

• Congratulations!
• Congratulations on your success!
• Happy birthday!
• Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!
• Merry Christmas!
• Happy New Year!
• Happy Valentine!
• Happy anniversary!

Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:

• on his/her general appearance
• if you notice something new about the person’s appearance
• when you visit someone’s house for the first time
• when other people do their best

Complimenting:

• What a nice dress!
• You look great.
• You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.
• I really must express my admiration for your dance.
• Good grades!
• Excellent!
• Nice work!
• Good job!

Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Thanking:

• Thank you very much
• Thank you for your help
• I’m really very grateful to you
• You’re welcome
• Don’t mention it
• It’s a pleasure / My pleasure
• I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
• I am grateful to your help

Descriptive Text II

Descriptive Text is A kind of text to describe a particular person , place / thing .

Social Function
To describe a particular person, place or thing

Significant Grammatical Features

• Focus on specific Participant
• Use of attributes and identifying Processes
• Frequent use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups
• Use of simple present tense  

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

• Focus on Specific Participantas
• Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes.
• Frequent use of epithets Classifiers in nominal grups.
• Use of simple present tense

The features: CIRI KETERBATASAN

• Nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher, house, my rabbit, dsb

• Simple present tense

• Detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek misalnya she a sweet young lady

• Berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya : two strong legs, dsb

• Relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek. Misalnya : My mum is really cool, it has very thick fur, dsb

• Thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi   penulis tentang subjek, misalnya : police believe the suspect is armed. I think it is a clever animal, dsb. Action verbs, misalnya : our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.

• Adverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut. Misalnya : fast, at the three house, dsb.

• Bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metaphor, misalnya : John is white as chalk,   sat, tight, dsb.

The generic structure of Descriptive text :

Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described.


Description :
Describes part qualities & characteristic.


Linguistic features :

1.Specific participants.
2.Linking verbs.
3.Simple present.
4.Adjective.
5.Noun phrase.

Look this

Rafflesia Arnoldii

Rafflesia   Arnoldii is a rare flower that is well known because of the size of  the  flower's petals and the smell of rotten meat that it gives out.

This   enormous and rare flower grows in the forest of Southeast Asia,   including the Phillipines. Its large flower can grow to 3 meters in   diameter and weigh up to 11 kilograms. It does not have any leaves,   stem, or roots and because of lacking clorophyls this plant can not   photosynthesize making it a parasite, living on other plants nutrition.   The flower has five petals red in colour and has white spots, which   surrounds the middle of the flower much like a hole. At the base of the   flower there is a part which has needles and contains the reproduction   parts of the flower.

Rafflesia Arnoldii reproduces   with the help of flies that are attracted to the flowers smell (which   some observers say smells much like bad meat and rotten eggs mixed). The   flower only lasts for five to seven days and then dies.

Procedure Text

Wow this my material about procedure text, I think Procedure Text is a text with direction to declare way make or do something based on steps and materials.

So you must know how to make procedure text... :)

LANGUANGE  FEATURES :
•    Use of Simple Present Tense
•    Imperative tense
•    Temporal conjunction : first,second,then ,next finally….
•    Use action verbs


The generic structures of procedure text are  :
    Goal/aim ( or title)
    Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
    Steps (the actions that must be taken)

How To Make Burger

(aim/goal)

The materials :
•    2 slices of bread
•     humburger
•    margarine
•    mayonnaise
•    tomato sauce
•    vegetables

What to do (steps) :
1.    First,put the margarine on the pan and heat it.
2.    Second,put 2 slices of bread on the pan and heat it until well done.
3.    Next, to take 2 slices of bread on the pan, add humburger, and spread mayonnaise and tomato sauce.
4.    After that, add vegetables and close with slice of bread.
5.    Finally, serve it and the burger ready to eat.

Invitation

Invitation is invitation that is given by someone to people to be present at a important program, example celebration birthday ,celebration anniversary, birth baby ,farewell reception, and other.

In invitations usually written about person who invited, invitation program, time (day,date,hour), place, message with person who extending.

Kind of Invitation :

• Written
• Spoken

Usually in card invitation :

1. Purpose
2. Time
3. Place

There are two types of invitation.
    FORMAL INVITATION
    Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.


    INFORMAL INVITATION
    Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

This  time we only discuss about Verbal Invitation
    Extending (mengundang)

Formula:
Would you like + to + V1 +O/C ?

    for example:
•     I would like to invite you to come to my house
•    Would you like to come to my restaurant?
•    How would you like to go  camping with us next month?
•    If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
•    Are you free this evening?
•    Let’s go to the Jazz Festival!
•    Can you come?
•    Please try to come
•    We hope you’ll join us
•    If you don’t have any other plans, would you come to the café?
    note: frase yang bergaris bawah bisa diganti


Accepting (menerima)
•    I’d love to
•    I like that
•    That sounds great
•    Thank you for the invitation
•    That would be wonderful
•    I’d be glad to
•    That sounds like fun
•    It’s very nice of you to invite me
•    It sounds interesting

Declining (menolak) / refusing
•    I’d love to, but I can’t
•    I’m really sorry because I can’t come
•    Sorry, I’m really busy
•    I’d love to, but I won’t be able to
•    I’d love to but I don’t think I can

    note: Bisa ditambahkan alasan 


Example :

Narrative Text

Narrative text is a text that is to tell something that imaginary without exception and the direction is to entertain the reader.

The generic structures of the text:

• Orientation : It sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answers the questions; Who, What, When and Where)

• Complication: A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters.

• Resolution: A solution to the problem (for better or worse). Main characters find a way to solve the problem. Other generic structures of the text:

• Evaluation: (optional) a step back to evaluate the plight (the narrator’s viewpoint)

• Coda: (optional)Changes of the characters or lesson/value of the story

• Re-orientation: (optional)

Ciri kebahasaan/language features:
•    Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang dalam cerita, e.g. stepsisters, housework, etc.
•    Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, e.g. long black hair, two red apples, etc.
•    Time connectives dan conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian, e.g. and, then, before that, etc.
•    Actions verbs dalam past tense, e.g. stayed.
•    Saying verbs yang menandai ucapan, seperti: said, told, dan thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran dan perasaan tokoh, seperti: thought, felt, etc.

 Kinds of narrative text:

•    A myth
•    A legend
•    Fable
•    A folklore

 Example :

    Once upon a time there was a beautiful place called Neverland where Peter Pan and Tinker Bell lived.Not so far from this place is the city of London where John, Wendy and Michael Darling lived.They really love the story of Peter.One day Peter Pan appeared and asked the children to fly to Neverland.They where excited to see the scenery and beauty of Neverland.Then, they were surprised to know the existence of a cruel pirate called Captain Hook.One day Captain Hook captured Tinker Bell and forced her to show Peter Pan’s place.In doing so all Peter’s friends, the Darlings were captured and taken to the pirate ship.Captain Hook frightened the children by putting them on the plank.
    Suddenly, Peter Pan appeared and stopped everything in a fierce duel, he threw Hook and all the pirates overboard.Hook was chased away by the crocodile and nobody cared to save him.
    The Darlings were so happy and thankful to Peter Pan. They told Peter their intention to go home.With the sprinkle of Tinker Bell’s Pixie Dust.Captain Hook’s pirate ship was sailing through the skies of Neverland, heading back to the Darling’s home in London.

Recount Text

Moment,life story,experience, and event in the past always there in everybody's life ... if you retell about that then you can make a text and it is recount text. I think Recount text is a text that is to retell a story about event in the past ,usually about writter’s experience.

The generic structures of recount text are  :

1. Orientation ( it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
2. Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
3. Re-orientation  (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident

The significant Lexicogrammatical features :
◦    Use of simple past tense
◦    Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)
◦    Use of personal pronoun (I, we)

Example :
    Mr. and Mrs. Charly  was on a tour to Europe.
    They were travelling on a guided tour to five countries.They were going to travel through the Netherlands, Belgium , Germany , Switzerland and France for to weeks.
The guide for the tour was a Swiss. On the first day of the travel the guide told them to check their passports, their traveler cheques and their foreign cash. He told them to keep them safely.
    They travelled in a comfortable coach with a toilet, music and video.The guide stopped the coach at may famous places.he explained the cultural importance of the places.They stayed in big hotels for the night and ate in the restaurants.
    On the way, they stopped at small restaurants to eat lunch. In big towns, they went for shopping.They bought many souvenirs of their friends.they enjoyed the two-week tour

Advertisement

Advertisement is Information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement :
•    Promotion
•    Communication
•    Information

    In making an advertisement keep the following points
1. Language of advertisement :
•    Using the correct or suitable words.
•    Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
•    Using positive expression
•    Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.


2. Content of advertisement :
Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Not mocking to group or other producer

Mobile Billboards  
 Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign. Mobile Billboard companies do not typically carry third-party cargo or freight. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:
•    Target advertising
•    One day, and long term campaigns
•    Convention
•    Sporting events
•    Store openings or other similar promotional events
•    Big advertisements from smaller companies


Public service advertising
The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, and global warming.

Commercial advertising
Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television ads, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches,, magazines, newspapers, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is commercial advertising.

Covert advertising
Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics," because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale.

Announcement

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen or formal notice about something in order that known many people.Announcement can be write, then that is sticked on board that easy see it or publish verbal.

In writing an announcement, keep the following points

1. the title/type of event,
2. Date/time, place and
3. contact person

Example :

COMMITTEE

SCHOOL TRIP TO GOLDEN SANDS BEACH

On 28th of August, the school will hold a school trip to Golden Sands Beach.

Departure time    :    07:30 a.m.

Programs    : Morning swimming, games, volley ball; lunch in the sea view restaurant.

Afternoon walk along the beach to the lagoon;

watch the boat festival.

Fee    :    Rp50,000.00

Contact person    :    Oghy, Nurul, Diesta

Chair person

Ewo Jatmiko

Giving Instruction

Giving Instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.

Giving Instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.

(Instruction = Procedure dalam bahasa Indonesia bisa dikatakan sebagai instruksi atau prosedur) Giving Instructions and Procedure Text are not same because in Giving Instructions don’t have steps and materials like Procedure Text and it is only command tense)

The example expressions of giving instruction :

• Open your book!
• Close the door, please!
• Be quiet, please!
• Move the chair!
• Open the window!
• Pass me the sugar, please!
• Stand up, please!

Gaining Attention

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention  to what we want to.

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention  to what we want to.

The example expressions of gaining attention :

•  Attention, please
•  May I have your attention, please?
•  Excuse me, look here!
•  Listening to me, please
• Waiter?
•  I’m sorry, but…
• Wow really?

Appointment

 Everybody usually make appointment..
Look this

They are making appointment

So, appointment always there in your life with direction to tell someone that you will do something and can you say....

Appointment is to tell us or someone that you will definitely do something.

Appointment is to tell us or someone that you will definitely do something.

Making an Appointment

•  I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian
• I want to make an appointment to see…..
• I’d like you to come and see
• Can I come and see you?
•  I’ll be there
• What about….(thank you)

Accepting an Appointment
      o  All right, see you there
      o  No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)
      o  Be there on time
      o  I’ll wait for you
      o  It’s a deal

Canceling an Appointment
      •  I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
      •  I’m sorry, I’m very busy
      •  I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with….(Dr. Stephen Tong) tomorrow morning

Changing an Appointment
      •  What about …..(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)
      •  Is that ok, if we meet at…..
      •  Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
      •  Could we change the schedule of the meeting?
      •  Do you have another time this afternoon

Greeting

Look the picture... what do you think abou it ??? Yes, this is about greet someone... how are we greeting someone you must know about Greeting and it  is the expressions which is used to address someone or other people.

How do you greet other people?
Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening
Hello, Ewo
Hello, Agnes
How are you?
How’s everything with you?
How’s life ?
How are you getting along ?
How are you doing ?

Responding :
Hi/Hello
Good Morning,Deriven.Morning
Fine, thanks
Pretty good, thanks
I’m well, thanks
Not bad, thanks. And you?

How do you  introduce yourself?
Let me ( allow me to ) introduce myself, my name is Deriven
Hello, I’m Tiani
Hi, I’m Nona Noni. You can call me Noni.
Hello, my name is Fanny Pratiwi


How do you introduce other people?
I would like to introduce Ria Saputri
I would like you to meet Grace
Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Agus Kuncoro

How do you close or end your conversation?
Well, I should be going now. See you!
I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later
Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

Leave-taking :
Good night, Mom /dad
See you tomorrow
Good bye / bye-bye / bye
See you later
I’m sorry. I must go now
See you around
Have a nice trip

Responding :
Good night,dear.
See you
Good bye / bye-bye / bye
So long
Thanks

Happiness Expression

Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad or have excited feeling.

Kind of happiness expression ;
1.    Gestures
2.    Words

What would you say to express your happiness?

• I’m happy……
• I’m (very)pleased / (really) delighted (about)….
• I can’t say how pleased / delighted I am about it
• I am so glad to hear that
• Great!
• Terrific!
• Fantastic!

Descriptive Text

Descriptive Text is A kind of text to describe a particular person , place / thing .

The generic structure of Descriptive text :

Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described.


Description :
Describes part qualities & characteristic.


Linguistic features :

1.Specific participants.
2.Linking verbs.
3.Simple present.
4.Adjective.
5.Noun phrase.

Look this

Rafflesia Arnoldii

Rafflesia Arnoldii is a rare flower that is well known because of the size of the flower's petals and the smell of rotten meat that it gives out.

This enormous and rare flower grows in the forest of Southeast Asia, including the Phillipines. Its large flower can grow to 3 meters in diameter and weigh up to 11 kilograms. It does not have any leaves, stem, or roots and because of lacking clorophyls this plant can not photosynthesize making it a parasite, living on other plants nutrition. The flower has five petals red in colour and has white spots, which surrounds the middle of the flower much like a hole. At the base of the flower there is a part which has needles and contains the reproduction parts of the flower.

Rafflesia Arnoldii reproduces with the help of flies that are attracted to the flowers smell (which some observers say smells much like bad meat and rotten eggs mixed). The flower only lasts for five to seven days and then dies.

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.

Pattern I : S + have/has + been + complement
Pattern II : S + have/has + Verb III + O/adverb

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:

I have arrived.

A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:

I have not arrived.

Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:

Has she arrived?


Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened


The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement


Example :
(+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we came?


Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.


Past Future Tense is used to assert an action or an event that will happened before or at the other event happened at the past future.


Pattern I : S + would/should + have + been + complement
Pattern II : S + would/should + have + verb III + O/adverb


Present Future Tense is used to assert an action or an event that will happened or will finished at the definite time at the future.


Pattern I : S + (except I) + will/shall + have + been + complement
Pattern II : S + will/shall + have + Verb III + O/adverb

Past Tense

Past Tense is used to talk about things that happened in the past.

Pattern A : S + to be (was/were) + O
(+) S + was/were + O
(-) S + was/were + not + O
(?) Was/were + S + O + ?


Example :
(+) I was a student
(-) I was not a student
(?) Was I a student ?

Pattern B : S + verb II + O
(+) S + verb II + O
(-) S + did + not + verb I + O
(?) Did + S + verb I + O + ?



Example ;
(+) I saw the girl
(-) I did not see the girl
(?) Did I see the girl ?


Time signal :
•Yesterday
•Last night
•An hour ago
•In (year)
•The other day
•Every day last year
•Last year


Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form. Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?


Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling


Simple Past Tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past


The pattern :
(+) Subject + verb II + complement
(-) Subject + did not + verb II + complement
(?) Did + subject + verb I


The examples :
(+) I went to Tangkiling yesterday
(-) I did not go anywhere last night
(?) Did you go last week?


Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, a few minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.
The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement


Examples:
(+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we came?


Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

Shapes and Body Parts

Wow ! This material very important because this is real and always there in your life So can learn it :)
Shapes is all the geometrical information that remains when location,scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object.

This is shapes and body parts.So, you can learn it and see your body part ... :)

Present Tense

Ramot make present tense but he doesn't know make present tense...


What do you mean about present tense ?

Present Tense is used to express fact that are always true, or things we often do.

Formula :
(+) S + To be + O
S + Verb (+s/es) + O
(-) S + to be + O
S + Do/Does + not + Verb + O
(?) To be + S + O + ?
Do/Does + S + Verb + O + ?

Time signal :
•Always
•Everyday
•Sometimes
•Often
•Usually
•Very


Example :
(+) Deriven likes fish
(-) Deriven does not like fish
(?) does Deriven like fish ?

Simple present tense is used to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations and emotions or wishes.


Adverb of time :

•Always
•Never
•Every
•Often
•Seldom
•Usually
•Sometimes


Verbal sentence
Formula :
(+) S + Verb I (-s/-es) + O
(-) S + do/does + not + verb I + O
(?) Do/does + s + verb I + O + ?



Non Verbal sentence
Formula :
(+) S + to be (am/is/be) + noun /adjective/adverb
(-) S + to be + not + noun /adjective/adverb
(?) To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb

Sympathy Expression

 Poor the girl...

 Bella : Poor you Jaka.

 Hello guys !
 Sympathy ??? what do you think about it ? what are you giving sympathy to someone ? 


Let's learn !!!
Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people’s condition.


How can we give sympathy expression to someone?

We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.


Several expressions of sympathy :



— I’d like to express my deepest condolences

— I’m sorry to hear that

— I’m awfully sorry about…

— Oh, how awful!

— Oh, dear!

— You must be very upset

— Oh, what a shame

— How pity you are!

— How terrible / awful for you



Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :


Deriven : Hey ! What’s wrong with you ?

Noni : My homework is lost. I forget to put in my bag.

Deriven : I’m sorry to hear that.